View Metadata
Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean Region, 1882 (Raster Image)
- Identification Information
- Data Quality Information
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Spatial Reference Information
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Distribution Information
- Metadata Reference Information
- Identification Information
- Citation
- Originator
- Harvard Map Collection, Harvard College Library
- Originator
- Harvard University. Library. Open Collections Program
- Originator
- United States. Hydrographic Office.
- Originator
- Waldecker, Louis.
- Originator
- Knorr, E. R.
- Originator
- Krafft, J. C. P. de.
- Publication Date
- 200911
- Title
- Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean Region, 1882 (Raster Image)
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Series Information
- Series Name
- Open Collections Program at Harvard University. Expeditions and discoveries.
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Publisher
- Harvard Map Collection, Harvard College Library
- Online Linkage
- https://hgl.harvard.edu/catalog/harvard-g9237-b4s12-1882-u5
- Abstract
- This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Behring's Sea and Arctic Ocean : from surveys of the U.S. North Pacific Surveying Expedition in 1855, Commander John Rodgers U.S.N. commanding and from Russian and English authorities, J.C.P. de Kraft, commodore U.S.N. Hydrographer to the Bureau of Navigation ; compiled by E.R. Knorr ; drawn by Louis Waldecker. Corr. additions to Jan. 1882. It was published by U.S. Navy, Hydrographic Office in 1882. Scale [ca. 1:4,400,000]. Covers the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean region. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'Mercator' projection with the central meridian at 180 degrees west. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. Note: The central meridian of this map is not the same as the Prime Meridian and may wrap the International Date Line or overlap itself when displayed in GIS software. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, expedition routes, shoreline features, bays, harbors, islands, rocks, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Depths shown by soundings. Includes drawing of Wrangel Island "as seen from Bark Nile of New London ... ; 15 to 18 miles distant". This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.
- Purpose
- Historic paper maps can provide an excellent view of the changes that have occurred in the cultural and physical landscape. The wide range of information provided on these maps make them useful in the study of historic geography, and urban and rural land use change. As this map has been georeferenced, it can be used in a GIS as a source or background layer in conjunction with other GIS data.
- Temporal Extent
- Currentness Reference
- source map publication date
- Time Instant
- 1882
- Bounding Box
- West
- -180.000000
- East
- 180.000000
- North
- 73.998463
- South
- 48.858566
- Theme Keyword
- Maps
- Nautical charts
- Human settlements
- Cities and towns
- Landforms
- Bodies of water
- Discovery and exploration
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- LCSH
- ISO Topic Category
- imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
- Place Keyword
- Bering Sea
- Arctic Ocean
- Russia
- Kamchatka Peninsula
- Alaska
- Aleutian Islands
- Place Keyword Thesaurus
- GNIS
- Temporal Keyword
- Access Restrictions
- None
- Use Restrictions
- For educational, non-commercial use only.
- Status
- Complete
- Maintenance and Update Frequency
- None planned
- Point of Contact
- Contact Organization
- Harvard Map Collection, Harvard College Library
- Delivery Point
- Harvard Map Collection
- Delivery Point
- Pusey Library
- Delivery Point
- Harvard University
- City
- Cambridge
- State
- MA
- Postal Code
- 02138
- Country
- USA
- Contact Telephone
- 617-495-2417
- Contact Facsimile Telephone
- 617-496-0440
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- hgl_ref@hulmail.harvard.edu
- Hours of Service
- Monday - Friday, 9:00 am - 4:00 pm EST-USA
- Native Data Set Environment
- ESRI ArcGIS 9.3
- Data Quality Information
- Attribute Accuracy Report
- The georeferenced raster is a faithfully reproduced digital image of the original source map. Some differences may be detected between the source graphic used and the raster image due to the RGB values assigned that particular color. The intent is to recreate those colors as near as possible.
- Completeness Report
- Data completeness for raster digital image files reflect content of the source graphic. Features may have been eliminated or generalized on the source graphic due to scale and legibility constraints
- Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report
- The horizontal positional accuracy of a raster image is approximately the same as the accuracy of the published source map. The lack of a greater accuracy is largely the result of the inaccuracies with the original measurements and possible distortions in the original paper map document. There may also be errors introduced during the digitizing and georeferencing process. In most cases, however, errors in the raster image are small compared with sources of error in the original map graphic. The RMS error for this map is 9627.74626 meters. This value describes how consistent the transformation is between the different control points (links). The RMS error is only an assessment of the accuracy of the transformation.
- Lineage
- Source
- Originator
- United States. Hydrographic Office.
- Originator
- Waldecker, Louis.
- Originator
- Knorr, E. R.
- Originator
- Krafft, J. C. P. de.
- Publication Date
- 1882
- Title
- Behring's Sea and Arctic Ocean : from surveys of the U.S. North Pacific Surveying Expedition in 1855, Commander John Rodgers U.S.N. commanding and from Russian and English authorities
- Edition
- Corr. additions to Jan. 1882.
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- [Washington, D.C.]
- Publisher
- U.S. Navy, Hydrographic Office
- Other Citation Details
- 1 map ; 87 x 84 cm.
- Source Scale Denominator
- 4400000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Single Date/Time
- Calendar Date
- 1882
- Source Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Contribution
- Source map for raster image
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Direct Spatial Reference Method
- Raster
- Raster Object Information
- Raster Object Type
- Pixel
- Row Count
- 10898
- Column Count
- 10591
- Vertical Count
- 1
- Spatial Reference Information
- Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
- Planar
- Map Projection
- Map Projection Name
- Mercator
- Mercator
- Standard Parallel
- 0.000000
- Longitude of Central Meridian
- 180.000000
- False Easting
- 0.000000
- False Northing
- 0.000000
- Planar Coordinate Information
- Planar Coordinate Encoding Method
- row and column
- Coordinate Representation
- Abscissa Resolution
- 566.013654
- Ordinate Resolution
- 573.967247
- Planar Distance Units
- meters
- Geodetic Model
- Horizontal Datum Name
- D_WGS_1984
- Ellipsoid Name
- WGS_1984
- Semi-major Axis
- 6378137.000000
- Denominator of Flattening Ratio
- 298.257224
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Entity and Attribute Overview
- The indexes reference a color palette of RGB values from 0 through 255, representing the color value from the original paper sheet map. The colors on that sheet can represent relief, drainage, vegetation, populated places, cultural features, coastal hydrography, transportation features (roads, railroads, tracks and trails), spot elevations and boundaries. The colors are sometimes explained in a legend that is incorporated into the map inset or collar.
- Entity and Attribute Detail Citation
- Not applicable.
- Distribution Information
- Format Name
- GeoTIFF
- Distributor
- Harvard University Library
- Online Access
- http://hgl.harvard.edu/
- Name
- Metadata Reference Information
- Metadata Date
- 20091109
- Metadata Contact
- Contact Information
- Contact Organization Primary
- Contact Organization
- Harvard Geospatial Library
- Contact Position
- Geospatial Resources Cataloger
- Contact Address
- Address
- Harvard University Library
- Address
- Office For Information Systems
- Address
- 90 Mount Auburn Street
- City
- Cambridge
- State or Province
- MA
- Postal Code
- 02138
- Country
- USA
- Contact Voice Telephone
- 617-495-2417
- Contact Facsimile Telephone
- 617-496-0440
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- hgl_ref@hulmail.harvard.edu
- Hours of Service
- Monday - Friday, 9:00 am - 4:00 pm EST-USA
- Metadata Standard Name
- FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata Standard Version
- FGDC-STD-001-1998