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United States Non-Attainment Areas: Lead, 2013

Identification Information
Citation
Originator
United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Originator
United States. Environmental Protection Agency.
Publication Date
2011
Title
United States Non-Attainment Areas: Lead, 2013
Geospatial Data Presentation Form
vector digital data
Online Linkage
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/eds/gis/images/ntad_2013_pb_2008naaqs.zip
Abstract
Non-attainment and maintenance areas for the United States and its territories. The standard for the Lead NAA is 0.15 micrograms per cubed meter. For more detailed information on this dataset, see the Overview Description in the Entity Attribute section of this document.
Purpose
To establish the spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area.
Temporal Extent
Currentness Reference
publication date
Time Instant
2011
Bounding Box
West
-118.942986
East
-66.656315
North
44.848096
South
18.416052
Theme Keyword
Maintenance area
Nonattainment area
Lead
Criteria Pollutant
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
Air Quality
Theme Keyword
environment
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
ISO 19115 Topic Categories
Place Keyword
United States
Place Keyword Thesaurus
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Temporal Keyword
2007
2011
2008
2009
2010
2012
2013
Temporal Keyword Thesaurus
None
Access Restrictions
None
Use Restrictions
None
Status
Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency
Annually
Point of Contact
Contact Organization
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contact Telephone
919.541.5208
Contact Electronic Mail Address
stackhouse.butch@epa.gov
Point of Contact
Contact Organization
Research and Innovative Technology Administration/Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Delivery Point
1200 New Jersey Ave. SE
City
Washington
State
DC
Postal Code
20590
Contact Telephone
202-366-DATA
Contact Electronic Mail Address
answers@BTS.gov
Cross-Reference
Originator
Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
Publication Date
20110101
Title
National Transportation Atlas Databases (NTAD) 2013
Geospatial Data Presentation Form
vector digital data
Publication Information
Publication Place
Washington, DC
Publisher
Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
Online Linkage
http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/
Data Quality Information
Attribute Accuracy Report
Unknown
Quantitative Attribute Accuracy Assessment
Logical Consistency Report
None
Completeness Report
Unknown
Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report
Unknown
Lineage
Source
Publication Date
20050101
Title
40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81
Other Citation Details
The spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area are defined in 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.
Online Linkage
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/cfr40.htm
Type of Source Media
None
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Single Date/Time
Calendar Date
20050101
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
The spatial boundaries of each nonattainment and maintenance area are defined in 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 81.
Source
Originator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication Date
20050101
Title
Green Book
Online Linkage
http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/
Type of Source Media
None
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Single Date/Time
Calendar Date
20050101
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) "Green Book" defines Criteria Pollutants. EPA uses six "criteria pollutants" as indicators of air quality, and has established for each of them a maximum concentration above which adverse effects on human health may occur. These threshold concentrations are called National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Spatial Data Organization Information
Direct Spatial Reference Method
Vector
Point and Vector Object Information
SDTS Terms Description
SDTS Point and Vector Object Type
GT-polygon composed of chains
Point and Vector Object Count
21
Spatial Reference Information
Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
Geographic
Latitude Resolution
8.983152841195215e-009
Longitude Resolution
8.983152841195215e-009
Geographic Coordinate Units
Decimal Degrees
Geodetic Model
Horizontal Datum Name
D WGS 1984
Ellipsoid Name
WGS 1984
Semi-major Axis
6378137.0
Denominator of Flattening Ratio
298.257223563
Entity and Attribute Information
Entity Type
Entity Type Label
Pb_2008NAAQS
Entity Type Definition
Non-Attainment Areas: Lead
Entity Type Definition Source
RITA/BTS
Attributes
FID
Internal feature number. (Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.)
Definition Source
ESRI
Shape
Feature geometry. (Coordinates defining the features.)
Definition Source
ESRI
COMPOSID
Composite ID of area. Pollutant name, year of designation, and text name of area
Definition Source
EPA
Pollutant
Type of pollutant
Lead (2008)
Areas of Lead, in 2008
Definition Source
EPA
Area_Name
Name of the NAA as designated by the EPA
Definition Source
EPA
State
Primary state in which NAA is found (Official List of U.S. Postal Code AbbreviationsU.S. Postal Service (USPS))
Definition Source
EPA
Current_At
Current Attainment
Nonattainment
any area that does not meet (or that contributes to ambient air quality in a nearby area that does not meet) the national primary or secondary ambient air quality standard for the pollutant.
Definition Source
EPA
Classifica
Severity classification as identified by the EPA.
Definition Source
EPA
Redesignat
Date of redesignation
Definition Source
EPA
Entity and Attribute Overview
Exposure to lead (Pb) can occur through multiple pathways, including inhalation of air and ingestion of Pb in food, water, soil or dust. Excessive Pb exposure can cause seizures, mental retardation and/or behavioral disorders. A recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported a 78% decrease in blood lead levels from 12.8 to 2.8 ug/dL between 1976 and 1980 and from 1988 to 1991. This dramatic decline can be attributed to the reduction of leaded gasoline and to the removal of lead from soldered cans. Although this study shows great progress, infants and young children are especially susceptible to low doses of Pb, and this age group still shows the highest levels. Low doses of Pb can lead to central nervous system damage. Recent studies have also shown that Pb may be a factor in high blood pressure and in subsequent heart disease in middle-aged males. Lead gasoline additives, non-ferrous smelters, and battery plants are the most significant contributors to atmospheric Pb emissions. In 1993 transportation sources contributed 33% of the annual emissions, down substantially from 81% in 1985. Total Pb emissions from all sources dropped from 20,100 tons in 1985 to 4,900 tons in 1993. The decrease in Pb emissions from highway vehicles accounts for essentially all of this decline. The reasons for the decrease are noted below. Two air pollution control programs implemented by EPA before promulgation of the Pb standard in October 1978 have resulted in lower ambient Pb levels. First, regulations issued in the early 1970's required gradual reduction of the Pb content of all gasoline over a period of many years. The Pb content of the leaded gasoline pool was reduced from an average of 12.0 gram/gallon, to 0.5 gram/gallon on July 1, 1985, and still further to 0.1 gram/gallon on January 1, 1986. Second, as part of the EPA's overall automotive emission control program, unleaded gasoline was introduced in 1975 for automobiles equipped with catalytic control devices. These devices reduce emissions of CO, VOCs and NOx. In 1993, unleaded gasoline sales accounted for 99% of the total gasoline market. In contrast, the unleaded share of the gasoline market in 1984 was approximately 60%. These programs have essentially eliminated violations of the Pb standard in urban areas except those areas with Pb point sources. Programs are also in place to control Pb emissions from stationary point sources. Lead emissions from stationary sources have been substantially reduced by control programs oriented toward attainment of the PM-10 and Pb ambient standards. However, significant and ambient problems still remain around some Pb point sources, which are now the focus of new monitoring initiatives. Pb emissions in 1993 from industrial sources, e.g., primary and secondary Pb smelters, dropped by about 91% from levels reported in 1970. Emissions of Pb from solid waste disposal are down about 76% since 1970. In 1993, emissions from solid waste disposal, industrial processes and transportation were: 500, 2,300 and 1,600 short tons, respectively. The overall effect of the control programs for these three categories has been a major reduction in the amount of Pb in the ambient air. Additional reduction in Pb are anticipated as a result of the Agency's Multimedia Lead Strategy issued in February 1991. The goal of the Lead Strategy is to reduce Pb exposures to the fullest extent practicable. Title 40, Part 50 of the Code of the Federal Regulations lists the ambient air quality standard for lead.
Distribution Information
Distributor
Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS)
Online Access
http://www.bts.gov/programs/geographic_information_services/
Name
Metadata Reference Information
Metadata Date
20140925
Metadata Contact
Contact Information
Contact Organization Primary
Contact Organization
Research Data Services (RDS), Columbia University Libraries
Contact Person
GIS/Metadata Librarian
Contact Address
Address
420 W. 118th St., 215 IAB, MC 3301
City
New York
State or Province
NY
Postal Code
10027
Country
USA
Contact Voice Telephone
(212)854-6012
Contact Electronic Mail Address
data@library.columbia.edu
Metadata Standard Name
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard Version
FGDC-STD-001-1998
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